The Fundamentals of a Business Budget

If you want to take control of your business finances and set your sights on growth, you need a budget. It’s one of the most useful tools for staying on track and making smart, informed decisions.

Put simply, your business budget shows what you plan to do with your cash over the next 12 months. It helps you stay clear on where the money is coming from, where it’s going, and what you want the future to look like.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we help business owners turn their budgets into practical tools using real-time data and industry-leading apps like Calxa, Futrli and Spotlight. 

So, you’re not just making plans, you’re actively managing your business with clarity and confidence.

What a budget tells you

Your budget is just one part of your financial toolkit. When you look at it alongside your profit and loss statement, balance sheet and cashflow forecast, you get a complete view of your business health. Together, these reports help you plan, monitor performance, and adjust as needed.

A budget gives you a forward-looking lens. It helps you forecast income and expenses, spot seasonal trends, and set targets that are grounded in data—not guesswork.

By comparing your actual results to your budget, you can quickly see where things are going to plan and where they’re not. That gives you time to act—before small issues become major problems.

Why budgeting makes a difference

Creating and using a budget gives you more than just a spreadsheet of numbers. It helps you:

• Understand how your income and expenses change throughout the year

• Set realistic financial goals and track your progress

• Spot cash shortfalls or unexpected costs early

• Stay motivated and focused on what matters most

• Make confident, informed decisions at the right time

And once your budget is in place, it becomes a reference point for everything else. From managing day-to-day operations to planning for bigger moves like hiring staff or investing in new equipment.

We regularly support clients to build and refine budgets in platforms like Calxa, Futrli and Spotlight. These tools are powerful, visual, and designed to work with your accounting software. They help bring your numbers to life, so you can see what’s possible and take action faster.

Where to begin

Every budget starts with what you know: your regular income and expenses. From there, we work with you to add in assumptions about timing, growth, pricing, and planned costs.

Most businesses start with a single budget, but over time, you might develop a few different versions. For example, you might have:

• A business-as-usual version, based on past results with minor adjustments

• A worst-case version, to plan for lower-than-expected sales or higher costs

• A best-case version, where you aim higher and prepare for growth

These versions can help you stress-test your business model and prepare for different outcomes, without the panic. First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray can guide you through each stage, setting up your budgets and tracking them monthly against your actual results.

And if you want to project out beyond the next 12 months, we can build multi-year budgets that support longer-term planning and investment.

Keeping it useful

A budget isn’t something you set and forget. It should evolve with your business.

We run monthly financial reports for our clients and compare them against their budgets. That way, they can make timely, informed decisions and adjust their plans based on what’s really happening, not what they hoped would happen.

Apps like Calxa, Futrli and Spotlight make it easy to track and visualise this performance over time. Whether you prefer a dashboard view, a simple graph, or a detailed breakdown, we help you get the insights in the format that works best for you.

Ready to start?

It’s never too late to build a budget that works. Whether you’re brand new to budgeting or looking to improve what you’ve already got, we can help you create a plan that’s relevant, practical, and aligned with your business goals.

Book a time with First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray and let’s set up a budget in your accounting software that gives you more control, more insight, and a clearer path forward.

Understanding Your Cashflow Statement

When it comes to knowing how your business is really performing, understanding your cashflow statement is a must. It shows exactly how your business has generated and used cash (and cash equivalents) over a specific period. And that gives you valuable insight into what’s going on behind the scenes.

Alongside your profit and loss statement and balance sheet, the cashflow statement rounds out the full picture of your financial position. And once you understand how to read and use it, you’ll feel more confident in your day-to-day decisions.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we prepare clear, easy-to-follow reports for our clients, so you’re not left guessing where the cash is coming from or where it’s going.

What your cashflow statement actually shows

The cashflow statement takes information from your other reports, specifically your profit and loss statement and balance sheet, and pulls it into one place to reflect your current cash position.

The difference is that this report is presented on a cash basis, not accrual. That means it focuses on actual money in and out of the bank during the reporting period, rather than invoices issued or received. It adjusts for movements in asset and liability accounts so you can see your real-world financial activity.

If your financial reports are managed by First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, you’ll know your cashflow data is accurate, up to date, and explained in a way that actually makes sense. We make sure you know how much cash you have available to spend, not just what’s on paper.

Breaking it down: where the money flows

Your cashflow statement is usually divided into three areas:

Operating activities cover everyday business operations. This includes income from customers, supplier payments, wages, tax, super, and regular expenses like rent and software. It’s the day-to-day engine room of your business. 

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we manage these processes for many clients, such as payroll, so your operations keep running smoothly.

Investing activities reflect money spent or earned from buying and selling things like vehicles, equipment, or other long-term assets. Security deposits and dividends received also sit here. If you’re making big investments or planning asset purchases, your cashflow report will show how they impact your bank balance.

Financing activities include things like loans, equity contributions, and repayments. If your business has borrowed money, repaid debt, or paid out dividends, those transactions are recorded in this section. 

Extra information that matters

Formal financial reports sometimes include “notes to the financial statements.” These explain unusual or significant events that affected your business but didn’t involve cash changing hands, things like asset revaluations, depreciation, or stock adjustments.

We ensure these are clearly documented if needed, especially when working alongside your accountant to prepare reports for lenders or investors.

Why it’s worth understanding

When you look at your cashflow statement, you're not just seeing a number. You’re seeing how well your business can meet its obligations, whether your operations are sustainable, and what’s possible in the short and long term.

It helps you answer questions like:

• Can I cover my bills this month?

• How strong is my overall cash position?

• Are my operations generating enough cash to grow?

• How do my income and actual cash movements compare?

Where your profit and loss shows performance over time and your balance sheet shows position at a point in time, your cashflow statement reveals the story of your financial movements and whether they’re moving in the right direction.

And if they’re not? That’s where we come in. First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray helps identify the gaps, streamline your processes, and put cashflow planning strategies in place. We also help you prepare for seasonal dips, avoid unnecessary cash crunches, and keep your team and suppliers paid on time.

Want to feel more in control of your cash?

You’re not alone. Most business owners we work with know their business is doing OK, but they’re not always sure where the money’s going, or what’s coming next.

Understanding your cashflow statement gives you back that clarity.

If you’re ready to feel more confident about your financial position and future outlook, let’s talk. First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray offers practical support that helps you get clear on your numbers, stay in control of your operations, and plan with confidence.

Cashflow and cost control

More than ever, cashflow is a vital part of staying afloat, whether your business is in recovery or growth mode.

Revenue, profit, and your bottom line are always important, and in 2024, maintaining steady cashflow remains the foundation for keeping your business running smoothly and adapting to challenges as they arise.

Regular cashflow forecasts will help you keep that in focus. Here’s why:

Cost control  

If you can't reach your targets for income, reining in your costs may give you a little extra head room to manage cashflow while you plan your next move.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, our team provides detailed cashflow analysis and forecasting services, ensuring you have a clear picture of your financial position. With actionable insights, we help you identify areas where costs can be reduced without compromising business quality.

Visibility on outgoings 

Cost control can be a challenge when it’s hard to pinpoint hidden costs or where established ways of doing things cost more money than they should. You may also have been coping with unexpected expenses, as you’ve adapted your business for unplanned circumstances.

We can your financial systems and processes to identify inefficiencies. Our expertise in management accounting ensures your data is not only accurate but also timely, so you’re never left guessing where your money is going.

Improving business practice

It's more than just keeping an eye on outgoings (though that's important). It's about looking at each aspect of your business and business systems (or the gaps where there should be business systems) to see if poor practice is driving costs up unnecessarily.

Streamlining your processes can drastically improve your cost control. We work with you to implement appropriate apps to improve efficiencies, save time and money, and reduce costly errors.

It can be useful to break it down  

You can look at cost centres such as office supplies or freight. Or you can look at what those costs do for your business.

It can help to analyse costs in terms of cost of sale and overheads.

Cost of sale and overheads

Cost of sale (also known as Cost of Goods Sold or CoGS) is how much it costs you to make a sale. In a business which sells products, CoGS is based on the price paid for the product, plus any costs necessary to put the merchandise into inventory and make it ready for sale, including shipping and handling. You can even break it down to calculate the cost of sale of individual units.

Overheads are general business expenses. They can’t be tracked directly to sales. Overheads are what it costs you to open your doors (whether online or actual) every morning.

What’s your plan?

1. Reduce unnecessary expenses
   Now might be the time to trim every expense that’s not related to your core product or service.
2. Suppliers
   Are you able to work with your providers to ask for discounts or more favourable payment terms on either cost of sale or overhead expenses?
3. Talk to the team
   Analyse your costs and involve your team, including frontline sales staff.
4. Advertising
   It might be a false economy to cut back on advertising, as customers are online looking for bargains and price-checking alternatives. Targeted campaigns might work better.
5. Prioritise
   Can you pinpoint the products most likely to bring the fastest or best return and hold back on products that are a slower sell?
6. Promote or discount
   If you have old or slow-moving stock, can you discount it and convert old stock to cash? If you can attract customers now, you may be able to use it to spotlight your other products.

Making managing cashflow easier

Every dollar you can pull back from your costs can go straight into cashflow. Whether your sales are booming or slow, keeping your costs under control is key to sustaining growth and stability.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we understand the importance of managing your cashflow effectively. From cashflow forecasts to systems that streamline your operations, we partner with you to ensure your business has the financial stability it needs.

Want to get a handle on cash flow in your business?

Whether your sales are boom or bust, you want to make sure that your costs aren't holding you back. We can help.

Talk to us if you'd like to review your costs and your systems to keep costs under control. .

Key numbers to focus on in your business now

As a business owner, it’s always been helpful to have an understanding of accounting – but in the world today, it’s never been more important to have a good grasp on your finances and understand the key numbers to focus on in your business.

For many businesses, priorities have changed, customer behaviours have mutated and revenue streams have had to evolve and pivot in order to maintain a profitable business model.

To track, monitor and drive your financial performance in this new business world, it’s increasingly important to have a handle on your key financial reports and metrics.

Getting to grips with your financial reports

In the past, extra cash in the business may have been seen as a surplus that needed to be spent on something. Recent years have shown us that having these reserves is vitally important for the survival and long-term health of your businesses.

To truly be in control of this cash, it’s vital that you can understand your accounts, financial reports and dashboards and ‘see the genuine story’ behind your financial position.

So, what are the key reports to focus on? Let’s take a look:

Budget 

Your budget is the financial plan that's tied in with your strategic plan. In essence, the budget is your approximation of the money it will take to attain your key strategic goals, and the revenue (income) and profits you hope to make during this period. It’s a benchmark you can use to measure your actuals (historic numbers) against, allowing you to see the variances, gaps and missed targets over a given period.

Cashflow Statement 

A cashflow statement shows the flow of money into and out of your business.

Understanding these cash inflows and outflows in detail allows you to manage this ongoing process, allowing you to aim for a ‘positive cashflow position’ – where inflows outweigh outflows.

In your ideal positive scenario, you have enough liquid cash in the business to cover your costs, fund your operations and generate a profit.

Cashflow Forecast

Forecasting allows you to take your historic cash numbers and project them forward in time.

As such, you can see where the cashflow holes may appear weeks, or even months, in advance. This gives you time to take action, whether it’s increasing your income stream, reducing your underlying costs, chasing up unpaid invoices (aged debt) or going to lenders for additional funding.

Balance Sheet 

Your balance sheet shows you your company’s assets, liabilities and equity at a given point in time.

In a nutshell, it’s a snapshot of what your business owns (your assets), what you owe to other people (your liabilities) and what money and profits you currently have invested in the company (your equity).

Your balance sheet is useful for seeing what stock and equipment your business owns, how much debt (liabilities) you’ve worked up and what your company is actually worth. This is all incredibly useful information to have at your fingertips when making big business decisions.

Profit & Loss

Your profit and loss report - often referred to as your P&L. Your P&L gives you an overview of the company’s revenues, costs and expenses over a given historic period of time.

While the balance sheet is a snapshot, your P&L is more like a moving video. It shows you how your finances are progressing by demonstrating how revenue is coming in and costs/expenses are going out (rather than cash coming in and going out, as you see in your cashflow statement and cashflow forecasts).

There is a range of software and apps that you can use to generate the above reports so you can understand and focus on the key numbers in your business. For example Xero. 

Talk to us about software and apps to help you with the financial reporting and forecasting for your business

How to use forecasts and scenario-planning

For centuries, accounting was all about reviewing historic information – but that only told you about the past, not what was going to happen in the future.

If you’re only looking back at past periods and historic numbers, that limits the insights you can achieve into your business. With a backward-looking ideology, it becomes difficult to plan, run through different scenarios or understand the path of the business.

Forecasting changes this. With the right data analysis and forecasting tools, you can project sales, cash, revenue and profits into the future – and get in control of your business.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we understand that your business is dynamic, constantly evolving, and influenced by countless factors. We specialise in implementing forecasting apps, such as Futrli, that allow you to see beyond the numbers and into the future of your business. 

Our bookkeeping and app implementation expertise helps ensure that you’re using up-to-date, accurate data when forecasting, giving you confidence in the decisions you make.

A forward-looking view of your business journey

Forecasting switches the focus of your financial management. By moving to a forward-looking view of your business journey, you can see further down the road – and that helps to spot the opportunities and avoid the common business pitfalls.

By collaborating closely with you, our team at First Class Accounts Ovens and Murray can implement Futurli, or alternative forecasting apps to help you analyse trends, identify patterns, and anticipate challenges ahead of time. Our goal is to provide you with a clearer picture of what’s coming, so you can focus on making strategic decisions to grow your business. Whether it's sales, cash flow, or profit forecasting, our team is here to help you take charge of the future.

Forecasting adds value by:

Highlighting the data patterns

A forecasting tool takes your historic data and projects it forward in time. This helps you and your advisers to spot the patterns, trends, gaps and opportunities, revealing the true ‘story’ behind your business accounts. For example, forecasting may reveal a predicted seasonal slump in the next quarter, allowing you to plan ahead and proactively take action to minimise any negative impact.

Giving you a future view of your business

Instinctively, business owners will look back at prior periods to assess performance. There’s value to reviewing your historic actuals, of course, but using forecasting helps you to look forward, rather than just backwards. Forecasting is the satnav, showing you the road ahead, rather than the rear-view mirror showing you the road you’ve already travelled.

At First Class Accounts Ovens and Murray we make it easy to access this future view by integrating apps that generate future financial projections with just a few clicks.  This gives you a clear understanding of what’s next for your business, enabling you to allocate resources more effectively, plan for growth, and avoid potential pitfalls. 

Helping you scenario-plan

With a financial model of your key drivers, combined with accurate forecasting, you can quick answer your burning ‘What if…?’ questions.

Forecasting lets you run different scenarios, with different drivers, to see how business decisions may pan out over time. If option B performs better than option A, that’s invaluable information when defining your next strategic move.

Making informed, evidence-based decisions

Having ‘the full picture’ of combined historic numbers, forecasts and longer-term projections aides your business decision-making. Forecasting gives you solid evidence on which to base your strategy, and helps to red flag any threats that are looming on the horizon – giving you the best possible information to keep your executive team informed and on the ball.

We believe in making decisions based on evidence, not guesswork. That’s why implementing the appropriate apps can provide you with the data you need to inform your strategies. We ensure that your forecasts are based on accurate, up-to-date financial information, helping you make better decisions. Whether it's managing cash flow or planning for future growth, we give you the tools to act with confidence.

A deeper relationship with your accountant

Forecasting also helps us to get a far more granular view of your business. This helps to spot potential areas of performance improvement, and to give you the best possible strategic advice, all backed up by solid, empirical data and management information.

Take Control of Your Future with Forecasting

If you want to get in control of the destiny of your company, come and talk to us. Forecasting helps you highlight your future threats and opportunities – and create a proactive strategy to improve the performance of your business.

At First Class Accounts Ovens & Murray, we not only manage your bookkeeping but also help you implement powerful forecasting tools like Futrli. By connecting this app with your Xero platform, we can give you clear insights into what lies ahead. 

Our goal is to help you plan for the future, whether that involves managing cash flow, preparing for growth, or navigating uncertain markets. Whether you’re looking to grow your business, manage cash flow more effectively, or simply get a better sense of what’s coming, we provide the tools and insights you need to succeed.

Talk to us today to learn more about how forecasting can benefit your business and set you on the path to future success.

Review your expenses - and save yourself money

Running a business will always mean incurring certain expenses or 'spend'.

Whether you’re a large family business or a small fledgling startup, there will be costs, overheads and supplier bills that mount up – and these expenses will gradually chip away at your cash position, making it more difficult to grow and make a profit.

So, what can you do to reduce your spend levels? And what impact will this have on your overall margins, profits and ability to fund the next stage in your business journey?

Getting proactive with your spend management

Spend management is all about getting in control of your expenses – and, where possible, aiming to reduce the level of costs and overheads that you incur as a company.

Why does this matter? 

Well, excessive spending eats into your cash flow, reduces your profit margins and stops you from achieving the profits that you’re capable of as a business.

So if you can get proactive with your spend management, you can actually make your company a far more financially productive enterprise – and that’s great for your overall business health.

So, what can you do to reduce spend and slim down your company expenses?

Here are some key ways to reduce expenses:

Reduce your overheads

Your overheads are the unavoidable costs of running your business, producing your products or supplying your services.

If you have bricks and mortar premises, these overheads will include rental payments, utility bills and even the cost of paying your staff.

Drill down into the numbers and see where there are opportunities to reduce these overhead costs. That could mean moving to smaller premises, or reducing the size of your workforce, to reduce payroll expenditure.

Put limits on staff expenses

If your employees can claim expenses, or buy raw materials and equipment with the company’s money, these costs can soon start to rack up. It’s a good idea to put a spending limit in place, so each staff member can only spend up to an agreed amount.

Having a clear expenses policy helps, as will training up your staff in good spend management techniques. Expenses cards – such as Webexpenses, Soldo or Pleo – allow you to quickly set spend limits, track expenses and pull your expenses data through to your cloud accounting platform for processing.

Look for cheaper suppliers

If you can reduce your supplier costs, this will go a long way to bringing down your overall spend.

If you’ve been with certain key suppliers for years, look around for new quotes, look at current market prices and see if you can negotiate better deals. And if your old suppliers aren’t flexible enough, try swapping to newer, more eager suppliers who will be willing to meet you in the middle on price.

Make your operations leaner

The bigger your operational costs are, the less margin you’ll make on your end products and services.

One way to resolve this is to aim for a ‘lean approach’, paring back your staff, resources and operational complexity to the bare minimum.

By making the business as lean as possible, whilst still delivering the same output, you keep your revenue stable, but reduce the spend level that’s eating into your cost of goods sold (COGS). The smaller your COGS, the more profit you make on each unit or sale – and that means better cash flow, more working capital and bigger profits.

Talk to us about improving your spend management

If you’d like to get in control of your expenses, we’d love to chat.

We’ll review your current costs, run forecasting, and help highlight the key areas where expenses can be cut. Then we’ll help you formulate a proactive spend management programme, to reduce your unnecessary spending.

Upsizing or downsizing: forecasting can help

2020 and 2021 have created a number of challenges for the average business. Depending on your business purpose and strategy, you may need to either upsize, or downsize, to secure the long-term future of your company.

But what are the implications of upsizing or downsizing, your operations? And how do you refine your business so it's fit for purpose and ready to take on your new aims and goals?

The answer is to look carefully at your forecasting and your future decision-making.

Looking at the ongoing needs of your business

Our experiences of the pandemic have demonstrated one very clear lesson – you never know exactly what lies around the corner for your business. But the more prepared you are, the better you can respond, as and when new threats and opportunities do appear.

With this in mind, forecasting and scenario-planning can be exceptionally important tools.

Rather than crossing your fingers and hoping for the best, you can plan for two, three or more different outcomes – with different strategies and tactics for each separate scenario. You can’t bullet-proof your business, but you CAN make sure that you at least have a Plan B (or C).

Scaling up, or scaling down?

By making constructive use of forecasting, you’ll be able to see the most viable path for your business. From here, you can make a decision on whether upsizing, or downsizing, is the most appropriate action for the long-term health of your business.

Some key questions to ask during your decision-making may include:

Do you have enough funding to grow, or do you need to downsize?

Knowing how much working capital you have available in the business is a vital piece of information. If you have a healthy balance sheet, a workable funding strategy and access to lenders, you’ll be able to fund your growth. If your cash reserves are depleted and access to finance is limited, now may be the time to shrink the business and consolidate things down – helping you to survive to fight another day, even if it is at a reduced scale.

Do you need more, or fewer, employees?

If your market share has dropped, you may need to downsize your team. And if you've hit a winning streak of sales, you may need to upsize your workforce to meet demand. Look at what resourcing you need and the types of skills, capabilities and long-term knowledge you need from your team in order to meet your new goals and targets.

Do you need to train your existing people?

If your business purpose has evolved, or you're moving more into the online or digital arena, you may need to train up your staff. Upskilling your people helps to bring them more in line with modern digital business practices, software and online customer interactions, all of which helps to increase your operational capabilities and your customer service levels as a business.

Do you need the same number of branches/shops/offices? 

If you've instigated remote working or hybrid working, you may not need so much office space for your people. And if you’ve moved a lot of your business to online selling, fewer bricks-and-mortar outlets will be required. Cutting building lease costs and/or commercial mortgage expenses can be a serious cost-saver for the business. Conversely, if you’re aiming to scale up, it’s likely that larger premises will be needed – resulting in higher property costs, but increased income from your scaled-up operations.

Do you need new equipment, machinery or vehicles?

Knowing what tangible assets you need in the business is an important part of your new business plan. If you’re expanding your operations, new equipment and/or vehicles will be needed to meet the new demand. This is likely to mean taking out third-party finance, or digging deep into your cash reserves. If you’re downsizing, there’s potential to sell-off existing equipment and assets and to free up this equity for other projects in the business.

Talk to us about scenario planning and decision-making

If you’re in the process of evolving or changing your business purpose, please come and chat to us. We can help you review your existing business plan, run scenarios and forecasts, and look at the long-term future path of your business.

What are the benefits of forecasting?

There are many benefits to forecasting for your business.

First and foremost is that you’re more likely to maximise your profits if you are able to accurately project your revenues and expenses.

Additionally, accurate forecasting helps you to identify potential opportunities and manage your cashflow. And when you have this information you are able to make educated decisions at the right time for your business.

Here are some examples of questions that an accurate forecast of your cash flow could help you answer:

• Can i start creating a new product/service?
• Can I open a new office/location or start selling in a different area/country?
• Can I afford another member of staff or outsourced assets?
• Can I take more money out of my business?
• Am I at risk of running out of cash?

How do you create a forecast?

The short answer is you don’t have to do it manually anymore.

Forecasting Apps, such as Futrli, mean that the complex, manual time-consuming forecasting is a thing of the past. Forecasting is now possible with the click of a button.

An added benefit of using Futrli to forecast, is that you can test out your decisions before you make them.

Using automated predictions means you have a second brain on your business 24/7.

Futrli

• Creates separate predictions for invoices, cash transactions and journal entries
• Works out how many days it takes for invoices to be paid for every account
• Considers ‘what we thought the month will look like’ compared to current month actuals and adjusts accordingly
• Reads account names and looks for account-specific patterns
• Creates staff payroll predictions just like your payroll software does

And the information is presented in chart format, making it easy to understand.

How far into the future should I forecast?

Forecasts are most beneficial for looking at the next year. They should be used in the short term for immediate planning and decision making and medium to long term to assess and extrapolate current trends.

It’s important to remember that the further you look into the future, the less accurate your cash flow forecast will be as there are too many unknowns yet to pass.

Talk to us about forecasting and how Futrli can benefit your business.